PS 42 BENJAMIN ALTMAN

2016

NYC GEOG DIST # 2 - MANHATTAN

2016

K-12 Enrollment: 238
K-12 Enrollment: 6,231

COMPARING ELL ENROLLMENT BY GENDER

MALE

140

59%

FEMALE

98

41%

MALE

3,401

55%

FEMALE

2,830

45%

COMPARING ELL ENROLLMENT BY ETHNICITY

WHITE

0

0%

HISPANIC OR LATINO

1

0%

ASIAN OR NATIVE HAWAIIAN/OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER

237

100%

AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA NATIVE

0

0%

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

0

0%

MULTIRACIAL

0

0%

WHITE

422

7%

HISPANIC OR LATINO

2,629

42%

ASIAN OR NATIVE HAWAIIAN/OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER

2,712

44%

AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA NATIVE

10

0%

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

443

7%

MULTIRACIAL

15

0%

COMPARING ELL IN OTHER GROUPS

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

44

18%

ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

190

80%

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

1,272

20%

ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

4,950

79%

ENROLLMENT BY GRADE

K (FULL DAY)

58

24%

1ST GRADE

71

30%

2ND GRADE

25

11%

3RD GRADE

42

18%

4TH GRADE

19

8%

5TH GRADE

23

10%

PRE-K (FULL DAY)

1

0%

K (FULL DAY)

384

6%

1ST GRADE

491

8%

2ND GRADE

349

6%

3RD GRADE

291

5%

4TH GRADE

263

4%

5TH GRADE

199

3%

6TH GRADE

179

3%

UNGRADED ELEMENTARY

12

0%

7TH GRADE

148

2%

8TH GRADE

154

2%

9TH GRADE

1,169

19%

10TH GRADE

1,070

17%

11TH GRADE

725

12%

12TH GRADE

766

12%

UNGRADED SECONDARY

31

0%

COMPARING ELL 3-8 ELA ASSESSMENT

ALL STUDENTS

PROFICIENT

11
16%
TOTAL TESTED: 70

LEVEL 1

32

46%

LEVEL 2

27

39%

LEVEL 3

9

13%

LEVEL 4

2

3%

BY GENDER

FEMALE

PROFICIENT

3
10%
TOTAL TESTED: 31

LEVEL 1

15

48%

LEVEL 2

13

42%

LEVEL 3

2

6%

LEVEL 4

1

3%

MALE

PROFICIENT

8
21%
TOTAL TESTED: 39

LEVEL 1

17

44%

LEVEL 2

14

36%

LEVEL 3

7

18%

LEVEL 4

1

3%

BY ETHNICITY

MULTIRACIAL

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA NATIVE

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

ASIAN OR NATIVE HAWAIIAN/OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

WHITE

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

HISPANIC OR LATINO

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

OTHER GROUPS

GENERAL-EDUCATION STUDENTS

PROFICIENT

10
20%
TOTAL TESTED: 51

LEVEL 1

16

31%

LEVEL 2

25

49%

LEVEL 3

8

16%

LEVEL 4

2

4%

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

PROFICIENT

1
5%
TOTAL TESTED: 19

LEVEL 1

16

84%

LEVEL 2

2

11%

LEVEL 3

1

5%

LEVEL 4

0

0%

NOT ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

NOT MIGRANT

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

MIGRANT

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

ALL STUDENTS

PROFICIENT

148
14%
TOTAL TESTED: 1,036

LEVEL 1

501

48%

LEVEL 2

387

37%

LEVEL 3

131

13%

LEVEL 4

17

2%

BY GENDER

FEMALE

PROFICIENT

75
16%
TOTAL TESTED: 463

LEVEL 1

212

46%

LEVEL 2

176

38%

LEVEL 3

65

14%

LEVEL 4

10

2%

MALE

PROFICIENT

73
13%
TOTAL TESTED: 573

LEVEL 1

289

50%

LEVEL 2

211

37%

LEVEL 3

66

12%

LEVEL 4

7

1%

BY ETHNICITY

MULTIRACIAL

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA NATIVE

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

ASIAN OR NATIVE HAWAIIAN/OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER

PROFICIENT

127
16%
TOTAL TESTED: 790

LEVEL 1

361

46%

LEVEL 2

302

38%

LEVEL 3

112

14%

LEVEL 4

15

2%

WHITE

PROFICIENT

8
12%
TOTAL TESTED: 68

LEVEL 1

29

43%

LEVEL 2

31

46%

LEVEL 3

7

10%

LEVEL 4

1

1%

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

PROFICIENT

1
10%
TOTAL TESTED: 10

LEVEL 1

5

50%

LEVEL 2

4

40%

LEVEL 3

1

10%

LEVEL 4

0

0%

HISPANIC OR LATINO

PROFICIENT

12
7%
TOTAL TESTED: 163

LEVEL 1

103

63%

LEVEL 2

48

29%

LEVEL 3

11

7%

LEVEL 4

1

1%

OTHER GROUPS

GENERAL-EDUCATION STUDENTS

PROFICIENT

144
18%
TOTAL TESTED: 787

LEVEL 1

329

42%

LEVEL 2

314

40%

LEVEL 3

127

16%

LEVEL 4

17

2%

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

PROFICIENT

4
2%
TOTAL TESTED: 249

LEVEL 1

172

69%

LEVEL 2

73

29%

LEVEL 3

4

2%

LEVEL 4

0

0%

NOT ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PROFICIENT

17
18%
TOTAL TESTED: 93

LEVEL 1

32

34%

LEVEL 2

44

47%

LEVEL 3

15

16%

LEVEL 4

2

2%

ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PROFICIENT

131
14%
TOTAL TESTED: 943

LEVEL 1

469

50%

LEVEL 2

343

36%

LEVEL 3

116

12%

LEVEL 4

15

2%

NOT MIGRANT

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

MIGRANT

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

COMPARING ELL 3-8 MATH ASSESSMENT

ALL STUDENTS

PROFICIENT

54
66%
TOTAL TESTED: 82

LEVEL 1

6

7%

LEVEL 2

22

27%

LEVEL 3

31

38%

LEVEL 4

23

28%

BY GENDER

FEMALE

PROFICIENT

21
60%
TOTAL TESTED: 35

LEVEL 1

2

6%

LEVEL 2

12

34%

LEVEL 3

12

34%

LEVEL 4

9

26%

MALE

PROFICIENT

33
70%
TOTAL TESTED: 47

LEVEL 1

4

9%

LEVEL 2

10

21%

LEVEL 3

19

40%

LEVEL 4

14

30%

BY ETHNICITY

MULTIRACIAL

PROFICIENT

0
TOTAL TESTED: 0

LEVEL 1

0

0%

LEVEL 2

0

0%

LEVEL 3

0

0%

LEVEL 4

0

0%

AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA NATIVE

PROFICIENT

0
TOTAL TESTED: 0

LEVEL 1

0

0%

LEVEL 2

0

0%

LEVEL 3

0

0%

LEVEL 4

0

0%

ASIAN OR NATIVE HAWAIIAN/OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

WHITE

PROFICIENT

0
TOTAL TESTED: 0

LEVEL 1

0

0%

LEVEL 2

0

0%

LEVEL 3

0

0%

LEVEL 4

0

0%

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

PROFICIENT

0
TOTAL TESTED: 0

LEVEL 1

0

0%

LEVEL 2

0

0%

LEVEL 3

0

0%

LEVEL 4

0

0%

HISPANIC OR LATINO

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

OTHER GROUPS

GENERAL-EDUCATION STUDENTS

PROFICIENT

48
74%
TOTAL TESTED: 65

LEVEL 1

3

5%

LEVEL 2

14

22%

LEVEL 3

26

40%

LEVEL 4

22

34%

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

PROFICIENT

6
35%
TOTAL TESTED: 17

LEVEL 1

3

18%

LEVEL 2

8

47%

LEVEL 3

5

29%

LEVEL 4

1

6%

NOT ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

NOT MIGRANT

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

MIGRANT

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

ALL STUDENTS

PROFICIENT

599
50%
TOTAL TESTED: 1,197

LEVEL 1

259

22%

LEVEL 2

339

28%

LEVEL 3

359

30%

LEVEL 4

240

20%

BY GENDER

FEMALE

PROFICIENT

274
50%
TOTAL TESTED: 544

LEVEL 1

115

21%

LEVEL 2

155

28%

LEVEL 3

164

30%

LEVEL 4

110

20%

MALE

PROFICIENT

325
50%
TOTAL TESTED: 653

LEVEL 1

144

22%

LEVEL 2

184

28%

LEVEL 3

195

30%

LEVEL 4

130

20%

BY ETHNICITY

MULTIRACIAL

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

AMERICAN INDIAN OR ALASKA NATIVE

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

ASIAN OR NATIVE HAWAIIAN/OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER

PROFICIENT

528
60%
TOTAL TESTED: 874

LEVEL 1

98

11%

LEVEL 2

248

28%

LEVEL 3

313

36%

LEVEL 4

215

25%

WHITE

PROFICIENT

40
37%
TOTAL TESTED: 109

LEVEL 1

32

29%

LEVEL 2

37

34%

LEVEL 3

19

17%

LEVEL 4

21

19%

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

PROFICIENT

2
17%
TOTAL TESTED: 12

LEVEL 1

6

50%

LEVEL 2

4

33%

LEVEL 3

2

17%

LEVEL 4

0

0%

HISPANIC OR LATINO

PROFICIENT

26
13%
TOTAL TESTED: 194

LEVEL 1

122

63%

LEVEL 2

46

24%

LEVEL 3

23

12%

LEVEL 4

3

2%

OTHER GROUPS

GENERAL-EDUCATION STUDENTS

PROFICIENT

555
59%
TOTAL TESTED: 946

LEVEL 1

130

14%

LEVEL 2

261

28%

LEVEL 3

322

34%

LEVEL 4

233

25%

STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

PROFICIENT

44
18%
TOTAL TESTED: 251

LEVEL 1

129

51%

LEVEL 2

78

31%

LEVEL 3

37

15%

LEVEL 4

7

3%

NOT ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PROFICIENT

85
55%
TOTAL TESTED: 155

LEVEL 1

26

17%

LEVEL 2

44

28%

LEVEL 3

38

25%

LEVEL 4

47

30%

ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

PROFICIENT

514
49%
TOTAL TESTED: 1,042

LEVEL 1

233

22%

LEVEL 2

295

28%

LEVEL 3

321

31%

LEVEL 4

193

19%

NOT MIGRANT

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

MIGRANT

PROFICIENT

—
TOTAL TESTED: —

LEVEL 1

—

—

LEVEL 2

—

—

LEVEL 3

—

—

LEVEL 4

—

—

COMPARING NYSESLAT

Kindergarten

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 64
BEGINNING

8%

INTERMEDIATE

17%

ADVANCED

67%

PROFICIENT

8%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 59
BEGINNING

7%

INTERMEDIATE

17%

ADVANCED

68%

PROFICIENT

8%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 5
BEGINNING

20%

INTERMEDIATE

20%

ADVANCED

60%

PROFICIENT

0%

Grade 1

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 49
BEGINNING

8%

INTERMEDIATE

16%

ADVANCED

27%

PROFICIENT

49%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 44
BEGINNING

9%

INTERMEDIATE

9%

ADVANCED

27%

PROFICIENT

55%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 5
BEGINNING

0%

INTERMEDIATE

80%

ADVANCED

20%

PROFICIENT

0%

Grade 2

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 25
BEGINNING

12%

INTERMEDIATE

28%

ADVANCED

32%

PROFICIENT

28%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 20
BEGINNING

5%

INTERMEDIATE

25%

ADVANCED

35%

PROFICIENT

35%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 5
BEGINNING

40%

INTERMEDIATE

40%

ADVANCED

20%

PROFICIENT

0%

Grade 3

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 39
BEGINNING

23%

INTERMEDIATE

13%

ADVANCED

33%

PROFICIENT

31%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 30
BEGINNING

27%

INTERMEDIATE

3%

ADVANCED

33%

PROFICIENT

37%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 9
BEGINNING

11%

INTERMEDIATE

44%

ADVANCED

33%

PROFICIENT

11%

Grade 4

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 19
BEGINNING

16%

INTERMEDIATE

16%

ADVANCED

42%

PROFICIENT

26%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 14
BEGINNING

21%

INTERMEDIATE

0%

ADVANCED

50%

PROFICIENT

29%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 5
BEGINNING

0%

INTERMEDIATE

60%

ADVANCED

20%

PROFICIENT

20%

Grade 5

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 24
BEGINNING

25%

INTERMEDIATE

29%

ADVANCED

17%

PROFICIENT

29%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 21
BEGINNING

_

INTERMEDIATE

_

ADVANCED

_

PROFICIENT

_

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 3
BEGINNING

_

INTERMEDIATE

_

ADVANCED

_

PROFICIENT

_

Kindergarten

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 389
BEGINNING

10%

INTERMEDIATE

23%

ADVANCED

53%

PROFICIENT

15%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 341
BEGINNING

9%

INTERMEDIATE

21%

ADVANCED

55%

PROFICIENT

16%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 48
BEGINNING

13%

INTERMEDIATE

38%

ADVANCED

44%

PROFICIENT

6%

Grade 1

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 461
BEGINNING

4%

INTERMEDIATE

21%

ADVANCED

51%

PROFICIENT

23%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 396
BEGINNING

4%

INTERMEDIATE

18%

ADVANCED

54%

PROFICIENT

25%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 65
BEGINNING

5%

INTERMEDIATE

45%

ADVANCED

38%

PROFICIENT

12%

Grade 2

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 340
BEGINNING

6%

INTERMEDIATE

13%

ADVANCED

54%

PROFICIENT

26%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 283
BEGINNING

5%

INTERMEDIATE

11%

ADVANCED

55%

PROFICIENT

29%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 57
BEGINNING

12%

INTERMEDIATE

25%

ADVANCED

49%

PROFICIENT

14%

Grade 3

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 291
BEGINNING

12%

INTERMEDIATE

22%

ADVANCED

46%

PROFICIENT

20%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 241
BEGINNING

11%

INTERMEDIATE

20%

ADVANCED

46%

PROFICIENT

22%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 50
BEGINNING

16%

INTERMEDIATE

32%

ADVANCED

42%

PROFICIENT

10%

Grade 4

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 251
BEGINNING

8%

INTERMEDIATE

18%

ADVANCED

43%

PROFICIENT

31%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 196
BEGINNING

7%

INTERMEDIATE

13%

ADVANCED

44%

PROFICIENT

35%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 55
BEGINNING

13%

INTERMEDIATE

35%

ADVANCED

38%

PROFICIENT

15%

Grade 5

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 194
BEGINNING

9%

INTERMEDIATE

16%

ADVANCED

45%

PROFICIENT

30%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 152
BEGINNING

9%

INTERMEDIATE

13%

ADVANCED

45%

PROFICIENT

34%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 42
BEGINNING

12%

INTERMEDIATE

29%

ADVANCED

43%

PROFICIENT

17%

Grade 6

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 168
BEGINNING

17%

INTERMEDIATE

11%

ADVANCED

36%

PROFICIENT

36%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 113
BEGINNING

19%

INTERMEDIATE

8%

ADVANCED

27%

PROFICIENT

45%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 55
BEGINNING

13%

INTERMEDIATE

16%

ADVANCED

55%

PROFICIENT

16%

Grade 7

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 150
BEGINNING

22%

INTERMEDIATE

26%

ADVANCED

36%

PROFICIENT

16%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 121
BEGINNING

24%

INTERMEDIATE

26%

ADVANCED

37%

PROFICIENT

13%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 29
BEGINNING

14%

INTERMEDIATE

28%

ADVANCED

31%

PROFICIENT

28%

Grade 8

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 151
BEGINNING

15%

INTERMEDIATE

32%

ADVANCED

34%

PROFICIENT

19%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 119
BEGINNING

14%

INTERMEDIATE

31%

ADVANCED

34%

PROFICIENT

21%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 32
BEGINNING

19%

INTERMEDIATE

34%

ADVANCED

34%

PROFICIENT

13%

Grade 9

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 1,051
BEGINNING

21%

INTERMEDIATE

27%

ADVANCED

31%

PROFICIENT

21%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 847
BEGINNING

25%

INTERMEDIATE

29%

ADVANCED

28%

PROFICIENT

18%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 204
BEGINNING

6%

INTERMEDIATE

18%

ADVANCED

46%

PROFICIENT

30%

Grade 10

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 917
BEGINNING

16%

INTERMEDIATE

30%

ADVANCED

34%

PROFICIENT

20%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 773
BEGINNING

18%

INTERMEDIATE

31%

ADVANCED

33%

PROFICIENT

18%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 144
BEGINNING

9%

INTERMEDIATE

23%

ADVANCED

40%

PROFICIENT

28%

Grade 11

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 593
BEGINNING

9%

INTERMEDIATE

35%

ADVANCED

38%

PROFICIENT

18%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 522
BEGINNING

9%

INTERMEDIATE

35%

ADVANCED

38%

PROFICIENT

18%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 71
BEGINNING

13%

INTERMEDIATE

28%

ADVANCED

38%

PROFICIENT

21%

Grade 12

All Students
TOTAL TESTED: 537
BEGINNING

7%

INTERMEDIATE

30%

ADVANCED

46%

PROFICIENT

18%

General Education
TOTAL TESTED: 472
BEGINNING

4%

INTERMEDIATE

30%

ADVANCED

48%

PROFICIENT

19%

Students with Disabilities
TOTAL TESTED: 65
BEGINNING

26%

INTERMEDIATE

34%

ADVANCED

32%

PROFICIENT

8%

Enrollment Suppression

When the Total Students count equals the count in the English Language Learner Students, Students with Disabilities, and/or Economically Disadvantaged Students category, the data are suppressed.

When the count of students in either the English Language Learner Students, Students with Disabilities, and/or Economically Disadvantaged Students category is less than 5, the data are suppressed.

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